![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Gestating since the 1990s, this objective to assert China’s power on the seas, either through the modernisation of the Navy or the development of the marine economy, was presented as a priority at the launch of the 12th Five‑Year Plan (2011-2015) and the 18th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in November 2012.ģ China’s overall policy toward the China Seas is a complex policy with four main objectives: the first is to claim islands and maritime areas the second is to strengthen its control over the China Seas in order to more effectively defend its coasts and maritime routes the third is to assert its power in the context of its strategic rivalry with Japan and the United States and the fourth is to develop the exploitation of natural resources to meet the needs of its population and its economy. The Chinese policy toward the China Seas fits within the dual context of a more ambitious foreign policy seeking to influence the world order through the transformation of some norms and the creation of new institutions, 2 and of a domestic policy aimed at building a genuine maritime power. This special feature, consisting of this introduction and four articles by Mathieu Duchâtel, Shinji Yamaguchi, Benoît de Tréglodé, and Alexandre Sheldon‑Duplaix, attempts to explain the main recent developments in China’s policy toward the China Seas, to identify its goals, and to understand its determinants. 1 It complements an already rich literature that is difficult to summarise here due to the multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary nature of the analysed theme. 2 On this point, see the recent special feature of China Perspectives edited by Jean-Pierre Cabestan: (.)Ģ Without aiming to be comprehensive, this special feature studies some aspects of China’s policy towards the China Seas.1 This special feature corresponds with the publication of oral papers given in the framework of a se (.).More recently, between October 2015 and May 2016, the United States held three Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOP), indicating that apart from territorial disputes between neighbouring countries, the geopolitical situation in the China Seas is primarily the result of the Sino‑American strategic rivalry. This is borne out by the firmer action taken by states, such as China’s construction of civilian and military infrastructure in the Spratlys, Japan’s nationalisation of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands in September 2012, and the arbitration proceedings initiated by the Philippines in January 2013. ![]() These analyses are even more important now that power relations are being expressed with more force in the South China Sea as well as the East China Sea in recent years. Top of pageġ The multiple tensions that have existed in the China Seas since the late 2000s, manifested in the inflexibility of narratives relating to sovereign rights or in provocations and skirmishes at sea, have made it necessary to analyse more thoroughly the maritime and foreign policies of the states involved. They discuss security issues, actors’ strategies, cooperation, and naval power. (…) The four articles that structure this special feature each shed light in their own way on Chinese policy toward the China Seas. Without aiming to be comprehensive, this special feature studies some aspects of China’s policy towards the China Seas. More recently, between October 2015 and May 2016, the United States held three Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOP), indicating that apart from territorial disputes between neighbouring countries, the geopolitical situation in the China Seas is primarily the result of the Sino-American strategic rivalry. The multiple tensions that have existed in the China Seas since the late 2000s, manifested in the inflexibility of narratives relating to sovereign rights or in provocations and skirmishes at sea, have made it necessary to analyse more thoroughly the maritime and foreign policies of the states involved. ![]()
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Neutrons are shared between two atoms to form an isotope.Įlectrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets. Protons are transferred from one atom to another. Surface-area-to-volume ratio surface-area-to-volume ratio U6 Q1: A covalent bond occurs whenĮlectrons are transferred from one atom to another. U5Q2: Cell size is limited because _ is critical to a cell's function. Based on this information, the cell could be aĬell from a mushroom. U5Q2: A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Ribosomes ribosomes U5Q2: Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell U5Q2: Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. The tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage.Ĭells would not be able to communicate with each other.Ĭells would not be able to migrate during their development. Nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. U5Q2: Without tight junctions in certain tissues,įluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. Plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall.īoth plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. Plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane.īoth plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. U5Q2: Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?Ĭhloroplast mitochondria U5Q2: Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?īoth plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane. The best device to do this would be aĮlectron microscope. Vacuole plasma membrane U5Q2: Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium-a single-celled organism. U5Q1: What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? It converts light energy into chemical energy. It converts chemical energy into heat energy. 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Kuromi is a tomboy, but behind her tough appearance, she is actually very girly. ![]() ![]() The census consists of voluntary surveys filled out by people who live all over the United States. Census Bureau takes a census, that is, a count of people living in the country. How is Population Measured in Cities?Įvery ten years, the U.S. Projections can also help governments to plan for future needs.Īnd by making these data publicly available, the census allows journalists, students, scholars, and websites like this one to transmit accurate information about the population of the United States. And planners may use it to determine what types of housing are most needed in their area. Educational authorities use population information to decide if they need to open more schools in a given area. Population figures help federal, state, and local government officials to make decisions about issues that affect people.įor example, transportation authorities may use demographic information to make decisions about expanding roads and public transportation. What can we learn from studying population trends? And who uses this information? Why are Population Figures Important? Who lives where in America, and how? Let’s take a look. Some parts of the country are growing fast, while others are losing people. Some American metropolises have a population larger than that of entire nations, while some of the least populated states have fewer people than a large city. But there’s more to the numbers than “largest and smallest”. population is enormous - 339,123,510 people as of 2023 - and growing. Territories of the United States such as Puerto Rico are not included in the Electoral College: people in those territories cannot vote directly for the President of the United States, although they may participate in the partisan nominating primaries and caucuses. Thus, the Electoral College has 538 members (100 senators, plus 435 representatives due to the arbitrary limit imposed by the Reapportionment Act of 1929, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia). Senate, every state has at least three Electoral College votes. House of Representatives and two members of the U.S. Constitution guarantees every state at least one member of the U.S. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution additionally grants the District of Columbia (D.C.), which is not part of any state, as many Electoral College votes as it would have if it were a state, while having no more votes than the least populous state (currently, Wyoming). Each state's number of votes in the Electoral College is equal to its number of members in the Senate plus members in the House of Representatives. The Electoral College, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States based on the popular vote in each state and the District of Columbia. The allocation is based on each state's proportion of the combined population of the fifty states (not including the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands). House of Representatives īased on this decennial census, each state is allocated a portion of the 435 fixed seats in the United States House of Representatives (until the early 20th century, the apportionment process generally increased the size of the House based on the results of the census until the size of the House was capped by the Reapportionment Act of 1929), with each state guaranteed at least one Representative. While these adjustments may be reflected in government programs over the following decade, the 10-year representative apportionments discussed below are not changed to reflect the miscount. ![]() For example for the 2020 decennial census, 14 states had significant miscounts ranging from 1.5% to 6.6%. The accuracy of this count is then tested after the fact, and sometimes statistically significant undercounts or overcounts occur. ![]() Census Bureau is charged with making an actual count of all residents by state and territory. Electoral apportionment Įvery 10 years, the U.S. Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state. The United States Census counts the persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents and non-citizen long-term visitors. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Separate statistics are maintained for the five permanently inhabited territories of the United States: Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. The states and territories included in the United States Census Bureau's statistics for the United States population, ethnicity, religion, and most other categories include the 50 states and Washington, D.C. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico between 20 according to the U.S. Average annual population growth rate in each U.S. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Atlas also has an SRM 6 rack in the chest for extra firepower. The Atlas is armed with an autocannon 20, capable of blasting a hole in any target with just one or two shots. Up close, the Atlas is downright unstoppable, especially with its choice of weapons payload. This is a 100-ton monstrosity with a humanoid shape, complete with two fists that can pulverize anything with one punch or seize smaller 'Mechs and toss them around with impunity. Kerensky personally insisted on a skull-shaped head for the machine, and that design alone took quite some time to work out - but it was worth it. However, the great general Aleksandr Kerensky asked his experts to create a mighty assault 'Mech that would use fear itself as a weapon to demoralize and haunt any opponent unlucky enough to face it. This has driven BattleMech design since the 2430s, and by the 2700s, during the era of the great Star League, it seemed that BattleMech design had reached a plateau. Their mission will also no doubt produce a lot of new content for the Atlas.In MechWarrior lore, many interstellar nations and empires challenge their engineers to come up with the best and deadliest weapons of war, seeking even the slightest edge of their enemies. When Artemis astronauts land there, they'll be making use of the Atlas. It contains topographic maps, permanent shadow maps, slope maps, and other images and illustrations of different features of the moon's south pole. The Lunar South Pole Atlas is an interesting collection of data products. That mission was part of the Constellation program, a canceled crewed mission to the moon proposed in the mid-2000s. There were proposed missions to Malapert massif, and one of them was proposed by David Kring, who is also the principal investigator for the Lunar and Planetary Institute. (2016) Hypsometric Map of the Lunar Polar Areas, Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) Kring/CLSEĪ portion of the MIIGAiK Hypsometric Map of the Lunar Polar Areas, fro Moscow University and based partly on SELENE (Kaguya) data. Credit: NASAĪn image from the briefing for the proposed Constellation mission to to Malapert massif and Shackleton crater. Credit: Lunar Planetary Institute.Īstronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the Moon took this photograph of mountains rimming the Aitken Basin. Leibniz Beta isn’t labelled, but it’s adjacent to Shoemaker crater. Credit: LPI/CLSEĪn elevation map of the lunar south pole from the LSPA. The elevation change between Leibnitz Beta and the adjacent Shoemaker Crater is about 10 km (6.2 mi). While orbiting the moon, they took a photo of the mountains rimming the south pole Aitken basin. It's also the first crewed mission to leave low-Earth orbit. Apollo 8 was the first mission to orbit the moon, though it didn't land. The astronauts on Apollo 8 also captured images of the south pole mountains. The Lunar South Pole Atlas is a collection of maps, images, illustrations, and data products designed to support NASA's mission. NASA is aiming for an extended human presence on the moon, centered on the south pole region where there are water ice resources. It's next to Shoemaker crater, and the elevation change from the crater to the peak is 10 km (6.2 miles), higher than our own Mt. It has the highest-elevation summit of anything in the region. The second new image in the LSPA is of Leibniz Beta. The elevation change between Malapert Massif and the adjacent Haworth Crater exceeds 8 km (5 mi). Malapert Massif is adjacent to the Haworth crater, and the change in elevation between the two is greater than 8 km (5 miles). The two images are of Malapert Massif and Leibniz Beta. Scientists with the Lunar South Pole Atlas have created two new images of those mountains that show their elevation compared to Earth's tallest mountain, Mt. That impact may have created the mountains. It's the largest, and also the oldest, impact basin on the moon, and one of the largest in the solar system. Scientists think that they may be related to the massive impact basin on the moon's south pole, called the south pole-Aitken basin. Lunar mountains are called massifs, and the south pole is home to several of them. But the moon also has mountains, and some of them are surprisingly tall. We also think of the vast areas of lava flows, which we call seas, or maria. When we think of the moon's geography, we usually think about craters, which are everywhere, and bear the names of prominent humans. ![]() |